Year 2013", "Italia langobardorum, la rete dei siti Longobardi italiani iscritta nella Lista del Patrimonio Mondiale dell'UNESCO", "THE LONGOBARDS IN ITALY. The concept of holy mountains can also be found elsewhere in Europe. ", Storrs, Christopher. Rice is popular in the region, often found in soups as well as risotti, such as "risotto alla milanese", with saffron. In 1859 after the second of the Wars of Italian Independence Austrian rule was ended by the Kingdom of Sardinia (which transformed into the kingdom of Italy in 1861). You may also be interested in: Coronavirus: Living in Milan – Easymilano.com For centuries Brescia was a Celtic settlement, until Romans conquered it in the first century … As of 2016[update], the Italian national institute of statistics (ISTAT) estimated that 1,139,430 foreign-born immigrants live in Lombardy, equal to 11.4% of the total population. In a similar way to other areas of Italy, this led to a growing self-acknowledgement of the cities, whose increasing richness made them able to defy the traditional feudal supreme power, represented by the German emperors and their local legates. The growth of the regional population was particularly sustained during the 1950s–60s, thanks to a prolonged economic boom, high birth rates, and strong migration inflows (especially from Southern Italy). There was a close relationship between the Frankish, Bavarian and Lombard nobility for many centuries. PLACES OF THE POWER (568–774 A.D.). Carabinieri officers patrol one of the main access road to Bollate, in the outskirts of Milan, Italy. Italiano: La Lombardia è una regione italiana settentrionale. Equally fascinating is the belle Epoque splendor of 19th-century Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II. The term was also used until around 965 in the form Λογγοβαρδία (Longobardia) as the name for the territory roughly covering modern Apulia which the Byzantines had recovered from the Lombard rump Duchy of Benevento. During the Plague of 1349 Milan was one of the few places in Europe that was not touched by the epidemic. The region's city Milan will host the 2026 Winter Olympics alongside Cortina d'Ampezzo. The orography of Lombardy is characterised by the presence of three distinct belts: a northern mountainous belt constituted by the Alpine relief, a central piedmont area of mostly pebbly soils of alluvial origin, and the Lombard section of the Padan Plain in the southernmost part of the region. After 1815 Milan was part of the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, under Austrian rule: the city became one of the main centers of Italian nationalism, reclaiming independence and the unification of Italy. The plains are often subject to the presence of fog during the coldest months. Milan, Lombardy's capital, is the second-largest city and the largest metropolitan area in Italy. Numerous species of endemic flora in the Prealpine area include some kinds of saxifrage, the Lombard garlic, groundsels bellflowers and the cottony bellflowers. Milan is the economic and financial capital of Italy but is also well-known as the centre of fashion and design. NOMINATION FOR INSCRIPTION ON THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST", "Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: LMO", "Assessing the effect of official recognition on the vitality of endangered languages: a case of study from Italy", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lombardy&oldid=1009411486, NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from January 2021, All articles needing additional references, Pages using infobox settlement with bad settlement type, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles containing Lombard-language text, Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list, Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Lo Spiedo Bresciano – spit roast of different cuts of meat with butter and sage, Conca Messina, Silvia A., and Catia Brilli. Considering the 2020-21 Serie A season, Lombardy hosts 3 out of 20 teams: A.C. Milan and Inter Milan (both based in Milan) and Atalanta B.C. It was the workplace of Giuseppe Verdi, one of the most famous and influential opera composers of the 19th century, and boasts a variety of acclaimed theatres, such as the Piccolo Teatro and the Teatro Arcimboldi; however, the most famous is the 1778 Teatro alla Scala, one of the most important and prestigious operahouses in the world. Province of Milan. [53] Economical and cultural relationship are also strong with neighboring Italian regions Friuli-Venezia Giulia, South Tyrol, Trentino, and Veneto. The region of Lombardy produces also vast amounts of animal waste, a big contributor to pollution. Find Lombardy (Milan) rooms for rent. In the 4th century A.D., at the time of the bishop Saint Ambrose and emperor Theodosius I, the city became for a short time the capital of the Western Roman Empire. Cattle (with the highest density in Italy), pigs, and sheep are also raised. They have three children. From the stunning nature of Lake Garda and Como to the art and architecture of amazing city's, the Lombardy region of Italy packs a punch! Lombardy region website – this is a link to the latest update 23 Feb 2020 (in Italian). Lombardy is one of Italy's largest regions by size, and easily its most wealthy and populous, both due to it being where Milan is located. The entire Lombardy region was placed under lockdown on 8 March,[19] followed by all of Italy the following day,[20] making Italy the first country to implement a nationwide lockdown in response to the epidemic, which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March. ", Soresina, Marco. Visit top-rated & must-see attractions. At Monte San Giorgio, on the border with Swiss canton Ticino just south of Lake Lugano, a wide range of marine Triassic fossils have been found. Limone sul Garda. One of the entries has been listed as natural heritage and the others are cultural heritage sites. When war in Italy was finally over, April 25, 1945, Milan was heavily damaged and entire neighborhoods were radically destroyed. ERSAF – Ente Regionale per i Servizi all' Agricoltura e alle Foreste:Regione Lombardia ", "[Comunicato stampa Giunta regionale Lombardia] CANTON TICINO, FONTANA E ASSESSORI INCONTRANO DELEGAZIONE SVIZZERA:SUL TAVOLO INFRASTRUTTURE, TRASPORTI E AMBIENTE", "Fontana: "I rapporti con la Svizzera vanno intensificati, "GR: Milano, trasporto transfrontaliero, incontro Grigioni-Lombardia", "Tra Lombardia e Grigioni massima collaborazione, anche per le Olimpiadi", "Incontro del Consiglio regionale lombardo con delegazione parlamentare della Bassa Sassonia", "KUNA : Kuwait works to boost cooperation with Italy's northern provinces, Lombardy - Politics - 13/07/2018", "Province of Zuid-Holland intensifies water cooperation with Lombardy, Italy | Dutch Water Sector", "Tavola rotonda Lombardia-Russia, Fontana: "Collaborazione importante per il nostro territorio, "Borrell ordena a todas las embajadas responder a las "lindezas" independentistas contra España", "Il timone di Eusalp passa dal Tirolo alla Lombardia", "Olimpiadi 2026 e Fondi di confine, si rafforza la collaborazione fra Trentino e Lombardia", "Trentino e Lombardia: si rafforza la sinergia per le Olimpiadi 2026", "www.ladigetto.it – Trentino e Lombardia: si rafforza la collaborazione", "PAT * Trentino e Lombardia: "Incontro a Milano tra i presidenti Fugatti e Fontana, si rafforza la collaborazione, https://www.askanews.it/cronaca/2019/05/02/fontana-incontra-fugatti-collaborazione-tra-lombardia-e-trentino-pn_20190502_00154/, "Lombardia e Friuli Venezia Giulia due regioni a confronto", "Parco dello Stelvio, intesa Trentino, Alto Adige e Lombardia sulla biodiversità – Cronaca", "News & Media | Provincia autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige", "Lombardia, Veneto e Trentino: "Regole comuni per la pesca su tutto il lago di Garda, "Air pollution exposure, cause-specific deaths and hospitalizations in a highly polluted Italian region", "Italy's polluted Po Valley gasps for fresh air", "Premature mortality due to air pollution in European cities: a health impact assessment", "Autonomia Lombardia, Fontana: consegnato al ministro dossier con le prime 15 materie – Il Giorno", "Lomabrdy (Italy). Explore Lombardy. Hi/Low, RealFeel®, precip, radar, & everything you need to be ready for the day, commute, and weekend! ... Media in category "Lombardy" The following 200 files are in this category, out of 345 total. The Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, located outside of Milan, hosts the Formula One Italian Grand Prix. Here, in 313 AD, Roman Emperor Constantine issued the famous Edict of Milan that gave freedom of confession to all religions within the Roman Empire. Equally fascinating is the belle Epoque splendor of 19th-century Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II. After centuries of struggle, in 194 BC the entire area of what is now Lombardy became a Roman province with the name of Gallia Cisalpina ("Gaul on the inner side (with respect to Rome) of the Alps"). Invest in Lombardy. The Lombardy region is along the northern border of Italy, and while it is among the largest regions in the country in terms of size it far outpaces the other regions when it comes to population. [17] The end of Lombard rule came in 774, when the Frankish king Charlemagne conquered Pavia, deposed Desiderius, the last Lombard king, and annexed the Kingdom of Italy (mostly northern and central present-day Italy) to his newly established Holy Roman Empire. Lombardy is one of the twenty administrative regions of Italy, in the northwest of the country. The Malpensa Express Malpensa Express train directly connects the airport to Milan’s main railway stations. We have reviews of the best places to see in Lombardy. After the Ostrogoth and Lombard periods, the city regained its importance in the 11th century and led other Italian cities in gaining semi-independence from the Holy Roman Empire. The most famous sport in Lombardy, as in all Italy, is football. Population: 1,140 (484 in the village) Altitude Center: 109 m s.l.m. In fact, Lombardy is home to some of the most important football teams in the country. The site is listed because of the complex railway engineering (tunnels, viaducts and avalanche galleries) necessary to take the narrow-gauge railway across the main chain of the Alps. Milan and Mantua became two centres of the Renaissance whose culture, with men such as Leonardo da Vinci and Mantegna, and works of art (e.g. Find out more practical and tourist information about Milan. Half of my time was focused in Milan with the other portion dedicated to visiting scenic rural places such as Chiavenna and Bergamo. Lombardy has a wide array of climates, due to local variances in elevation, proximity to inland water basins, and large metropolitan areas. Find out the best things to do in Milan and Lombardy. The towns of Mantua and Sabbioneta are also listed as a combined World Heritage site relating to this period, here focussing more on town planning aspects of the time than on architectural detail. Surname * The surname is required. (based in Bergamo). In the city of Monza, a popular recipe also adds pieces of sausages to the risotto. The local timezone is named Europe / Rome with an UTC offset of one hour. Lombardy remains, in fact, the main industrial area of the country. It delivers more than 40 percent of Italy's milk production, for example, while over half of the Italian pig production is located in the Po Valley.[71]. The mighty Po river marks the southern border of the region for a length of about 210 km (130 mi). Milan, Lombardy, Italy. The former Lombard dukes and nobles were replaced by other German vassals, prince-bishops or marquises. Lombardy is well known for its picturesque lakes and diverse cultural heritage. The Rock Drawings in Valcamonica date back to a period between 8000 BC and 1000 BC, covering prehistoric periods from the Epipaleolithic/Mesolithic to the Iron Age. This process reached its apex in the 12th and 13th centuries, when different Lombard Leagues formed by allied cities of Lombardy, usually led by Milan, managed to defeat the Hohenstaufen Emperor Frederick I, at Legnano, but not his grandson Frederick II, at Battle of Cortenuova. Milan is the prime draw in Italy's most prosperous province. easy (7) Length: 1.5 mi • Est. Executive power is vested in the Regional Government (Giunta Regionale) and legislative power is vested in the Regional Council (Consiglio Regionale). [77] Some of these comprise several individual objects in different locations. Lombardy was also ground zero in the country’s severe coronavirus outbreak. In the area of the foothills lakes, however, grow olive trees, cypresses and larches, as well as varieties of subtropical flora such as magnolias, azaleas, acacias. South of the Alps lie the hills characterised by a succession of low heights of morainic origin formed during the last Ice Age and small barely fertile plateaux with typical heaths and conifer woods. Wherever you decide to travel in Lombardy, there’s no excuse to not try this local favorite. Located about 45 km from Milan, in a landscaped garden of 15,000 sq m, this stunning property is composed of a … The Lombardy region sits in the middle of the geographic ruffle at the top of Italy's boot, nestled against the Alps and sharing them with its neighbor to the north, Switzerland. Other big teams of the region are Brescia Calcio, A.C. Monza and U.S. Cremonese (playing in the 2020-21 Serie B) and Calcio Lecco 1912, U.C. [11] The region is also famous for its historical figures such as Virgil, Pliny the Elder, Ambrose, Caravaggio, Claudio Monteverdi, Antonio Stradivari, Cesare Beccaria, Alessandro Volta, Alessandro Manzoni, and popes John XXIII and Paul VI. The Lombard language should not be confused with that of the Lombards – Lombardic language, a Germanic language extinct since the Middle Ages. ", This page was last edited on 28 February 2021, at 12:50. Being a critical industrial centre of Italy, Milan was target of continuous bombing during World War II; in 1943 Milan was part of Mussolini's puppet state Italian Social Republic and an important command centre of the German Army stationed in Italy. According to AQLI findings, Po valley air pollution affects inhabitants so hard that it cuts off about half a year of their life expectancy. Furnished Lombardy (Milan) apartments for rent, sublets, temporary and corporate housing rentals. Venetia included the provinces of Venice, Verona, Padua, Vicenza, Treviso, Rovigo, Belluno, and Udine. It was one of the first buildings in the city to have air-conditioning and a … ", Klang, Daniel M. "Cesare Beccaria and the clash between jurisprudence and political economy in eighteenth-century Lombardy. Among the most famous ones are the National Museum of Science and Technology "Leonardo da Vinci" (Milan), the Accademia Carrara (Bergamo), the Mille Miglia, the Santa Giulia Museum (both in Brescia), the Volta Temple, the Villa Olmo (both in Como), the Stradivari Museum (Cremona), the Palazzo Te (Mantua), the Museum Sacred Art of the Nativity, the Basilica of Santa Maria Assunta (both in Gandino), and the Royal Villa of Monza (Monza). Region of Lombardy (Lombardia) Lombardy produces 20.6% of the national added value: first place in Italy and fourth place in Europe. Schools, cinemas, theatres, museums, religious gatherings, concerts, other conference and meetings have all been closed and activities suspended until an undetermined date. Milan is famous for its fashion firms and shops (via Montenapoleone) and the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele on the Piazza Duomo is reputed to be the world's oldest shopping mall, and make it one of the world capitals of fashion, like New York City or Paris. Lombard Street in London). In the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie hosting one of the most famous paintings of Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper. Pro Sesto and U.S. Pergolettese 1932 (playing in the 2020-21 Serie C). Cassoeula This winter dish unique to the Milan area is made with a mixture of leftover meats and vegetables and is sure to warm you up when the temperature starts dropping. This came to a decisive end when Lombardy was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy 1859 as a result of the Second Italian War of Independence from the Austrian Empire. The many artifacts (pottery, personal items and weapons) found in necropolis near the Lake Maggiore, and Lake Ticino demonstrate the presence of the Golasecca Bronze Age culture that prospered in Western Lombardy between the 9th and the 4th century BC. The Lombardy region is the geographic and economic epicenter of this area, with more than 10 million residents and the highest gross domestic product per inhabitant of the country. This past summer I was fortunate enough to spend an entire week traveling around the Lombardy region of Italy. [8][9] Milan's metropolitan area is the largest in Italy and the third most populated functional urban area in the EU. Besides Milan, the region of Lombardy has 11 other provinces, most of them with equally great musical traditions. One-sixth of the Italian population or about 10 million people live in Lombardy (16.2% of the national population; 2% of the European Union population), making it the second most densely populated region in Italy after Campania. ", Klang, Daniel M. "The problem of lease farming in eighteenth-century Piedmont and Lombardy. Between the middle of the 15th century and the battle of Marignano in 1515, the northern part of east Lombardy from Airolo to Chiasso (modern Ticino), and the Valtellina valley came under possession of the old Swiss Confederacy. After the decisive Battle of Pavia, the Duchy of Milan became a possession of the Habsburgs of Spain: the new rulers did little to improve the economy of Lombardy, instead imposing a growing series of taxes needed to support their unending series of European wars. Municipality of Morimondo Piazza Municipio 1 - Morimondo … The Lombardy region in northern Italy ranks among the most air polluted areas of Europe. [82] It is a cluster of homogeneous varieties used by at least 3,500,000 native speakers in Lombardy and some areas of neighbouring regions, notably the eastern side of Piedmont and Southern Switzerland (cantons of Ticino and Graubünden).[82]. The total annual rainfall is on average 827 mm. AlbinoLeffe, Como 1907, Aurora Pro Patria 1919, A.C. Renate, A.S. Giana Erminio, S.S.D. [13], It is thought from the archaeological findings of ceramics, arrows, axes, and carved stones that the area of current Lombardy has been settled at least since the 2nd millennium BC. The last and most effective was that of the Germanic Lombards, or Longobardi, whose whole nation migrated here from the Carpathian basin in fear of the conquering Pannonian Avars in 568 and whose long-lasting reign (with its capital in Pavia) gave the current name to the region. Metropolitan City of Milan Lombardy region. Milan – the fashion capital of the world – is the ideal place in Lombardy to shop and explore designer boutiques, unique local stores, and craftsman shops. Lombardy included the provinces of Milan, Como, Bergamo, Brescia, Pavia, Cremona, Mantua, Lodi-Crema, and Sondrio. Search short term and month to month lease apartments, houses and rooms in Lombardy (Milan), Italy The capital is Milan. the Municipality is part of: I Borghi più belli d'Italia Città Slow. The Venetian Works of Defence between the 16th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da Mar is a transnational system of fortifications built by the Republic of Venice on its mainland domains (Stato da Terra) and its territories stretching along the Adriatic coast (Stato da Mar). Milan is the main city in northern Italy and the economic-financial capital of Italy, and is located in the plains of Lombardy, the most populated and developed of Italian regions. Milan, the capital of Lombardy and a symbol of industriousness, has so much to offer, as does the region of which it is part. Name * The name is required. The plains of Lombardy, formed by alluvial deposits, can be divided into the Alta—an upper, permeable ground zone in the north—and the Bassa—a lower zone dotted by the so-called line of fontanili, spring waters rising from impermeable ground. The latitude of Milan, Lombardy, Italy is 45.464664, and the longitude is 9.188540.Milan, Lombardy, Italy is located at Italy country in the Cities place category with the gps coordinates of 45° 27' 52.7904'' N and 9° 11' 18.7440'' E. Total accommodation establishments. From the stunning nature of Lake Garda and Como to the art and architecture of amazing city's, the Lombardy region of Italy packs a punch! Come with us, let the courtains rise upon the spectacles of outstanding theaters in Milan, a city that offers a wide range of options to enjoy cultural tourism: find out more at the Official Tourism Website of Lombardy! The Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy are a group of nine sites in northwest Italy, of which two are in Lombardy. Regional unemployment was one of the lowest in Italy.[67]. This property is part of an apartment building located in San Siro's residential area. Yet, this city was rejuvenated by that tribe. The resort town of Bellagio on Lake Como, Lombardy, Italy. The city's fashion week and the Salone del Mobile design event are famous throughout the world. Sign up for our Newsletter. Land, management and innovation (1815-1861). The main reasons why there's a big stain of air pollution over the Po valley are strictly connected to livestock and factories. Lombardy contains numerous museums (over 330) of different types (e.g. Things to Do in Lombardy, Italy: See Tripadvisor's 5,519,912 traveler reviews and photos of Lombardy tourist attractions. Get the forecast for today, tonight & tomorrow's weather for Milan, Lombardy, Italy. In the plains, intensively cultivated for centuries, little of the original environment remains. Politics in Lombardy is framed within a system of representative democracy, where the President of the Region (Presidente della Regione) is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Considering the 2020-21 Serie A season, Lombardy hosts 3 out of 20 teams: A.C. Milan and Inter Milan (both based in Milan) and Atalanta B.C. The presence, and development, of a very high number of enterprises belonging to the services sector represents a favourable situation for the improvement of the efficiency of the productive process, as well as for the growth of the regional economy. Lombardy, Milan, Milano This elegant penthouse with swimming pool is currently up for sale in an elegant residential context in Milan. The population is highly concentrated in the Milan metropolitan area (2,000 inh./km2) and the Alpine foothills that compose the southern section of the provinces of Varese, Como, Lecco, Monza and Brianza and Bergamo, (1,200 inh./km2). Protected Natural Areas: Ticino Valley Lombardy Natural Park. Common types of pasta include Casoncelli in Brescia and Bergamo and Pizzoccheri in Valtellina. 3) Milan is strategically placed in Lombardy: if you have a few days to spend in Northern Italy, a beautiful lake area lies north of Milan (Lake, Como, Lake Garda, Lake Maggiore). 4) The food! Two sites are of pre-historic origin. In the last twenty years, Lombardy stayed as a conservative stronghold, overwhelmingly voting for Silvio Berlusconi in all the six last general elections. The climate of the region is mainly humid subtropical (Köppen Cfa) especially in the plains, though with significant variations to the Köppen model especially regarding the winter season, which in Lombardy is normally long, damp, and rather cold. The many examples range from prehistory to the present day, through the Roman period and the Renaissance and can be found both in museums and churches that enrich … In 1706 the Austrians came to power and introduced some economic and social measures which granted a certain recovery. [48] Lombardy is a member of the Four Motors of Europe, an intereuropean economical organization which includes Baden-Wurtenberg in Germany, Catalonia in Spain, and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in France. The data show that many cities in Lombardy and the Po Valley suffer the most serious impact at European level due to poor air quality, first of all the metropolitan area of Milan, thirteenth in the ranking in terms of fine particulate impact, where any year 3967 premature deaths – approximately 9% of the total. Fossils include reptiles, fish and crustaceans and also some insects. Good base to explore Lombardy - gateway thru Milano Lambrate station. In addition, there is a high seasonal temperature variation (in Milan, the average temperature is 2.5 °C (36.5 °F) in January and 24 °C (75 °F) in July). The Cathedral, La Scala opera house and Santa Maria delle Grazie, home of da Vinci's "Last Supper," are just some of the sights. The most famous sport in Lombardy, as in all Italy, is football. [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] The European Union has developed the CENTRAL EUROPE program 2014–2020 to foster cooperation in several areas between the Lombardy Region along with other Northern Italian Regions and several states of Central Europe.[65][66]. The city proper has about 1.3 million inhabitants (in 2004), but when including the surrounding metropolitan area the population of the conurbation totals more than 4.5 million, and the Commuting Basin (Greater Milan, more than 70 km … This site includes the Fortified City of Bergamo. The heart of Limone, the old port, is dripping in vines and flowers and set against … Austrian rule was interrupted in the late 18th century by the French armies; under Napoleon, Lombardy became the centre of the Cisalpine Republic and of the Kingdom of Italy, both being puppet states of France's First Empire, having Milan as capital and Napoleon as head of state. Pestilences (like that of 1628/1630[18] described by Alessandro Manzoni in his I Promessi Sposi) and the generally declining conditions of Italy's economy in the 17th and 18th centuries halted the further development of Lombardy. Sample Packages. The unemployment rate stood at 5.6% in 2019. Surname * The surname is required. The highlands are characterised by the typical vegetation of the whole range of the Italian Alps. Some scholars suggest the second element instead derives from Proto-Germanic *bardǭ, *barduz ("axe"), related to German Barte ("axe") or that the whole word comes from the Proto-Albanian *Lum bardhi "white river" (Compare modern Albanian lum i bardhë).[12]. Milan is the prime draw in Italy's most prosperous province. These people settled in several cities including Milan, and extended their rule to the Adriatic Sea. The engravings show depictions of a wide range of topics including agricultural and war scenes alongside more abstract symbols. I realised that there is a huge amount of things to do in Lombardy and you need plenty of time to do them all. Minestrone alla Milanese, which is the mother of all Minestrone soups and contains vegetables, rice and bacon. [49] The Lombardy region is also part of the EUSALP, which promotes innovation, green sustainability, and economy in the Alpine regions of Austria, France, Liechtenstein, Northern Italy, Southern Germany, Switzerland, and Slovenia,[50][51][52] and ARGE ALP, which gathers states located in the alpine regions of Austria, Northern Italy, Southern Germany, and Switzerland to discuss similar themes as in EUSALP. Get to know more about the ingredients, flavours and recipes that make Milan and Lombardy such a hotbed of fine dining. Shrubs such as rhododendron, dwarf pine and juniper are native to the summital zone (beyond 2,200 m). https://www.tripsavvy.com/lombardy-cities-map-and-travel-guide-1547594 Regional cheeses include Robiola, Crescenza, Taleggio, Gorgonzola and Grana Padano (the plains of central and southern Lombardy allow intensive cattle-raising). The restoration of Austrian rule in 1815, as the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, was characterised by the struggle with the new ideals introduced by the Napoleonic era. The Lombardy region was severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, in which Italy was one of the worst affected countries in Europe.